Nobel prize facts

Why are the individuals and organisations awarded a Nobel Prize called Nobel Laureates?

The word "Laureate" refers to being signified by the laurel wreath. In Greek mythology, the god Apollo is represented wearing a laurel wreath on his head. A laurel wreath is a circular crown made of branches and leaves of the bay laurel (In latin: Laurus nobilis). In Ancient Greece, laurel wreaths were awarded to victors as a sign of honour - both in athletic competitions and in poetic meets.

Facts on the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

On 27 November 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will and testament, giving the largest share of his fortune to a series of prizes, the Nobel Prizes. As described in Nobel's will one part was dedicated to “the person who shall have made the most important chemical discovery or improvement”. 

Announcement of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

The Chemistry Laureates are announced in October every year. Earlier the same day, the members of the Chemistry Committee of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences selects the Nobel Laureates through a majority vote. The decision is final and without appeal. The names of the Nobel Laureates in Chemistry are then announced at a press conference.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013 will be announced on Wednesday 9 October, 11:45 a.m. at the earliest.

The Nobel Prize Amount

Alfred Nobel left most of his estate, more than SEK 31 million (today approximately SEK 1,702 million) to be converted into a fund and invested in "safe securities." The income from the investments was to be "distributed annually in the form of prizes to those who during the preceding year have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind." 

The Nobel Prize amount for 2013 is set at Swedish kronor (SEK) 8.0 million per full Nobel Prize.

some facts of chemistry

1.Natural gas has no odour. The smell is added artificially    so that leaks can be detected.


2.  Water expands by about 10% as it freezes.


3.The lighter was invented before the match (in 1816 by      J.W. Dobereiner).

HAPPY INDEPENDENCE DAY

           
  

TRY TO SOLVE SOME NUMERICALS OF SOLID STATE

Q.1 Gold crystallizes in a face centered cubic unit cell. If the edge length is a. Calculate the closest distance between the gold atom and  an impurity atom if it occupies  a)  a tetrahedral void   b) an octahedral void without any change in volume of he unit cell.

ANSWER: - a) closest distance if an impurity occupies a tetrahedral void: - √3/4 a

b) Closest distance if an impurity occupies an octahedral void: - a/2

Q.2 a) Spinel is an important class of oxides consisting of two types of metal ions with the oxide ions arranged in  ccp pattern. The normal spinel has one- eight of the tetrahedral voids occupied by one type of metal ion and one half of the octahedral holes occupied by another type of metal ion . such a spinel is formed by Zn⁺², Al⁺³ and O^-2 with Zn⁺² in tetrahedral holes. Give the formula of the spinel.

b) if all species in above question touch each other, determine the fraction of he volume occupied by ions in the unit cell.

ANSWER :- a) ZnAl₂O₄                     b) 0.77

Q.3 a strong current of trivalent gaseous boron passed through a germanium crystal decrease the density of the crystal due to part replacement of germanium by borone and due to interstitial vacancies created by missing Ge atoms. In one such experiment, one gram of germanium istaken and theboron atoms are found to be 150 ppm by weight, when the density of the germanium crystal decreases by 4 % Calculate the percentage of missing vacancies due to germanium, which are filled up by boron atoms

ANSWER :- 2.376%